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Building Internet Firewalls, Second Edition
===========================================
by Elizabeth D. Zwicky, Simon Cooper, and D. Brent Chapman
Published by O'Reilly & Associates
2nd Edition June 2000
894 Pages
ISBN 1-56592-871-7
List price $49.95
Available through the Internet at a discount from Amazon.com:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565928717/greatcircleassoc
Also available from the publisher, O'Reilly & Associates:
US/Canadian Inquiries: 1-800-998-9938
Local/Overseas Orders/Inquiries: 1-707-829-0515
Order your copy today!
Overview
========
In the five years since the first edition of this classic book was
published, Internet use has exploded. The commercial world has
rushed headlong into doing business on the Web, often without
integrating sound security technologies and policies into their
products and methods. The security risks--and the need to protect
both business and personal data--have never been greater. We've
updated Building Internet Firewalls to address these newer risks.
What kinds of security threats does the Internet pose? Some, like
password attacks and the exploiting of known security holes, have
been around since the early days of networking. And others, like
the distributed denial of service attacks that crippled Yahoo,
E-Bay, and other major e-commerce sites in early 2000, are in
current headlines.
Firewalls, a critical component of today's computer networks,
effectively protect a system from most Internet security threats.
They keep damage on one part of the network--such as eavesdropping,
a worm program, or file damage--from spreading to the rest of the
network. Without firewalls, network security problems can rage out
of control, dragging more and more systems down.
Like the bestselling and highly respected first edition, Building
Internet Firewalls, 2nd Edition, is a practical and detailed
step-by-step guide to designing and installing firewalls and
configuring Internet services to work with a firewall. Much expanded
to include Linux and Windows coverage, the second edition describes:
Firewall technologies: packet filtering, proxying, network
address translation, virtual private networks
Architectures such as screening routers, dual-homed hosts,
screened hosts, screened subnets, perimeter networks,
internal firewalls
Issues involved in a variety of new Internet services and
protocols through a firewall
Email and News
Web services and scripting languages (e.g., HTTP, Java,
JavaScript, ActiveX, RealAudio, RealVideo)
File transfer and sharing services such as NFS, Samba
Remote access services such as Telnet, the BSD "r" commands,
SSH, BackOrifice 2000
Real-time conferencing services such as ICQ and talk
Naming and directory services (e.g., DNS, NetBT, the Windows
Browser)
Authentication and auditing services (e.g., PAM, Kerberos,
RADIUS);
Administrative services (e.g., syslog, SNMP, SMS, RIP and
other routing protocols, and ping and other network
diagnostics)
Intermediary protocols (e.g., RPC, SMB, CORBA, IIOP)
Database protocols (e.g., ODBC, JDBC, and protocols for
Oracle, Sybase, and Microsoft SQL Server)
The book's complete list of resources includes the location of many
publicly available firewall construction tools.
Table of Contents
=================
Preface
Part I: Network Security
Chapter 1: Why Internet Firewalls?
What Are You Trying to Protect?
What Are You Trying to Protect Against?
Who Do You Trust?
How Can You Protect Your Site?
What Is an Internet Firewall?
Religious Arguments
Chapter 2: Internet Services
Secure Services and Safe Services
The World Wide Web
Electronic Mail and News
File Transfer, File Sharing, and Printing
Remote Access
Real-Time Conferencing Services
Naming and Directory Services
Authentication and Auditing Services
Administrative Services
Databases
Games
Chapter 3: Security Strategies
Least Privilege
Defense in Depth
Choke Point
Weakest Link
Fail-Safe Stance
Universal Participation
Diversity of Defense
Simplicity
Security Through Obscurity
Part II: Building Firewalls
Chapter 4: Packets and Protocols
What Does a Packet Look Like?
IP
Protocols Above IP
Protocols Below IP
Application Layer Protocols
IP Version 6
Non-IP Protocols
Attacks Based on Low-Level Protocol Details
Chapter 5: Firewall Technologies
Some Firewall Definitions
Packet Filtering
Proxy Services
Network Address Translation
Virtual Private Networks
Chapter 6: Firewall Architectures
Single-Box Architectures
Screened Host Architectures
Screened Subnet Architectures
Architectures with Multiple Screened Subnets
Variations on Firewall Architectures
Terminal Servers and Modem Pools
Internal Firewalls
Chapter 7: Firewall Design
Define Your Needs
Evaluate the Available Products
Put Everything Together
Chapter 8: Packet Filtering
What Can You Do with Packet Filtering?
Configuring a Packet Filtering Router
What Does the Router Do with Packets?
Packet Filtering Tips and Tricks
Conventions for Packet Filtering Rules
Filtering by Address
Filtering by Service
Choosing a Packet Filtering Router
Packet Filtering Implementations for General-Purpose Computers
Where to Do Packet Filtering
What Rules Should You Use?
Putting It All Together
Chapter 9: Proxy Systems
Why Proxying?
How Proxying Works
Proxy Server Terminology
Proxying Without a Proxy Server
Using SOCKS for Proxying
Using the TIS Internet Firewall Toolkit for Proxying
Using Microsoft Proxy Server
What If You Can't Proxy?
Chapter 10: Bastion Hosts
General Principles
Special Kinds of Bastion Hosts
Choosing a Machine
Choosing a Physical Location
Locating Bastion Hosts on the Network
Selecting Services Provided by a Bastion Host
Disabling User Accounts on Bastion Hosts
Building a Bastion Host
Securing the Machine
Disabling Nonrequired Services
Operating the Bastion Host
Protecting the Machine and Backups
Chapter 11: Unix and Linux Bastion Hosts
Which Version of Unix?
Securing Unix
Disabling Nonrequired Services
Installing and Modifying Services
Reconfiguring for Production
Running a Security Audit
Chapter 12: Windows NT and Windows 2000 Bastion Hosts
Approaches to Building Windows NT Bastion Hosts
Which Version of Windows NT?
Securing Windows NT
Disabling Nonrequired Services
Installing and Modifying Services
Part III: Internet Services
Chapter 13: Internet Services and Firewalls
Attacks Against Internet Services
Evaluating the Risks of a Service
Analyzing Other Protocols
What Makes a Good Firewalled Service?
Choosing Security-Critical Programs
Controlling Unsafe Configurations
Chapter 14: Intermediary Protocols
Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)
NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)
Common Internet File System (CIFS) and Server Message Block (SMB)
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
and Internet Inter-Orb Protocol (IIOP)
ToolTalk
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
The Generic Security Services API (GSSAPI)
IPsec
Remote Access Service (RAS)
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
Layer 2 Transport Protocol (L2TP)
Chapter 15: The World Wide Web
HTTP Server Security
HTTP Client Security
HTTP
Mobile Code and Web-Related Languages
Cache Communication Protocols
Push Technologies
RealAudio and RealVideo
Gopher and WAIS
Chapter 16: Electronic Mail and News
Electronic Mail
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Other Mail Transfer Protocols
Microsoft Exchange
Lotus Notes and Domino
Post Office Protocol (POP)
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Microsoft Messaging API (MAPI)
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)
Chapter 17: File Transfer, File Sharing, and Printing
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Network File System (NFS)
File Sharing for Microsoft Networks
Summary of Recommendations for File Sharing
Printing Protocols
Related Protocols
Chapter 18: Remote Access to Hosts
Terminal Access (Telnet)
Remote Command Execution
Remote Graphical Interfaces
Chapter 19: Real-Time Conferencing Services
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
ICQ
talk
Multimedia Protocols
NetMeeting
Multicast and the Multicast Backbone (MBONE)
Chapter 20: Naming and Directory Services
Domain Name System (DNS)
Network Information Service (NIS)
NetBIOS for TCP/IP Name Service and Windows Internet Name Service
The Windows Browser
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Active Directory
Information Lookup Services
Chapter 21: Authentication and Auditing Services
What Is Authentication?
Passwords
Authentication Mechanisms
Modular Authentication for Unix
Kerberos
NTLM Domains
Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service (RADIUS)
TACACS and Friends
Auth and identd
Chapter 22: Administrative Services
System Management Protocols
Routing Protocols
Protocols for Booting and Boot-Time Configuration
ICMP and Network Diagnostics
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
File Synchronization
Mostly Harmless Protocols
Chapter 23: Databases and Games
Databases
Games
Chapter 24: Two Sample Firewalls
Screened Subnet Architecture
Merged Routers and Bastion Host Using General-Purpose Hardware
Part IV: Keeping Your Site Secure
Chapter 25: Security Policies
Your Security Policy
Putting Together a Security Policy
Getting Strategic and Policy Decisions Made
What If You Can't Get a Security Policy?
Chapter 26: Maintaining Firewalls
Housekeeping
Monitoring Your System
Keeping up to Date
How Long Does It Take?
When Should You Start Over?
Chapter 27: Responding to Security Incidents
Responding to an Incident
What to Do After an Incident
Pursuing and Capturing the Intruder
Planning Your Response
Being Prepared
Part V: Appendixes
A. Resources
B. Tools
C. Cryptography
Index
Audience
========
Primarily system administrators, although managers who are concerned about
securing their systems or deciding whether to connect to the Internet will
get a lot of general information from Parts I and IV of this book.
About the Authors
=================
Elizabeth D. Zwicky is a director at Counterpane Internet Security,
a managed security services company. She has been doing large-scale
Unix system administration and related work for 15 years, and was
a founding board member of both the System Administrators Guild
(SAGE) and BayLISA (the San Francisco Bay Area system administrators
group), as well as a nonvoting member of the first board of the
Australian system administration group, SAGE-AU. She has been
involuntarily involved in Internet security since before the 1988
Morris Internet worm. In her lighter moments, she is one of the
few people who makes significant use of the rand function in
PostScript, producing PostScript documents that are different every
time they're printed.
Simon Cooper is a computer professional currently working in Silicon
Valley. He has worked in different computer-related fields ranging
from hardware through operating systems and device drivers to
application software and systems support in both commercial and
educational environments. He has an interest in the activities of
the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and USENIX, is a member
of the British Computer Conservation Society, and is a founding
member of the Computer Museum History Center. Simon has released
a small number of his own open source programs and has contributed
time and code to the XFree86 project. In his spare time, Simon
likes to play ice hockey, solve puzzles of a mathematical nature,
and tinker with Linux.
D. Brent Chapman is a networking professional in Silicon Valley.
He has designed and built Internet firewall systems for a wide
range of organizations, using a variety of techniques and technologies.
He is the founder of the Firewalls Internet mailing list, and
creator of the Majordomo mailing list management package. He is
the founder, principal, and technical lead of Great Circle Associates,
Inc., a highly regarded strategic consulting and training firm
specializing in Internet networking and security. Over the last 15
years, Brent has worked in a variety of consulting, engineering,
and management roles in information technology, operations, and
technology marketing for a wide range of employers and clients,
including the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), Silicon
Graphics, Inc. (SGI), and Covad Communications Company.
Ordering Information
====================
Building Internet Firewalls, Second Edition
by Elizabeth D. Zwicky, Simon Cooper, and D. Brent Chapman
Published by O'Reilly & Associates
2nd Edition June 2000
894 Pages
ISBN 1-56592-871-7
List price $49.95
Available through the Internet at a discount from Amazon.com:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1565928717/greatcircleassoc
Also available from the publisher, O'Reilly & Associates:
US/Canadian Inquiries: 1-800-998-9938
Local/Overseas Orders/Inquiries: 1-707-829-0515
Order your copy today!
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